Modular Adaptive System Based on a Multi-Stage Neural Structure for Recognition of 2D Objects of Discontinuous Production

This is a presentation of a new system for invariant recognition of 2D objects with overlapping classes, that can not be effectively recognized with the traditional methods. The translation, scale and partial rotation invariant contour object description is transformed in a DCT spectrum space. The obtained frequency spectrums are decomposed into frequency bands in order to feed different BPG neural nets (NNs). The NNs are structured in three stages - filtering and full rotation invariance; partial recognition; general classification. The designed multi-stage BPG Neural Structure shows very good accuracy and flexibility when tested with 2D objects used in the discontinuous production. The reached speed and the opportunuty for an easy restructuring and reprogramming of the system makes it suitable for application in different applied systems for real time work.Comment: www.ars-journal.co

A Modular BAM Complex in the Outer Membrane of the α-Proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus

Mitochondria are organelles derived from an intracellular α-proteobacterium. The biogenesis of mitochondria relies on the assembly of β-barrel proteins into the mitochondrial outer membrane, a process inherited from the bacterial ancestor. Caulobacter crescentus is an α-proteobacterium, and the BAM (β-barrel assembly machinery) complex was purified and characterized from this model organism. Like the mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex, we find the BAM complex to be modular in nature. A ∼150 kDa core BAM complex containing BamA, BamB, BamD, and BamE associates with additional modules in the outer membrane. One of these modules, Pal, is a lipoprotein that provides a means for anchorage to the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. We suggest the modular design of the BAM complex facilitates access to substrates from the protein translocase in the inner membrane

Outer membrane protein folding from an energy landscape perspective

The cell envelope is essential for the survival of Gram-negative bacteria. This specialised membrane is densely packed with outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which perform a variety of functions. How OMPs fold into this crowded environment remains an open question. Here, we review current knowledge about OFMP folding mechanisms in vitro and discuss how the need to fold to a stable native state has shaped their folding energy landscapes. We also highlight the role of chaperones and the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) in assisting OMP folding in vivo and discuss proposed mechanisms by which this fascinating machinery may catalyse OMP folding

A unified model for BAM function that takes into account type Vc secretion and species differences in BAM composition

Transmembrane proteins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria are almost exclusively β-barrels. They are inserted into the outer membrane by a conserved and essential protein complex called the BAM (for β-barrel assembly machinery). In this commentary, we summarize current research into the mechanism of this protein complex and how it relates to type V secretion. Type V secretion systems are autotransporters that all contain a β-barrel transmembrane domain inserted by BAM. In type Vc systems, this domain is a homotrimer. We argue that none of the current models are sufficient to explain BAM function particularly regarding type Vc secretion. We also find that current models based on the well-studied model system Escherichia coli mostly ignore the pronounced differences in BAM composition between different bacterial species. We propose a more holistic view on how all OMPs, including autotransporters, are incorporated into the lipid bilayer

Modular Adaptive System Based on a Multi-Stage Neural Structure for Recognition of 2D Objects of Discontinuous Production

This is a presentation of a new system for invariant recognition of 2D objects with overlapping classes, that can not be effectively recognized with the traditional methods. The translation, scale and partial rotation invariant contour object description is transformed in a DCT spectrum space. The obtained frequency spectrums are decomposed into frequency bands in order to feed different BPG neural nets (NNs). The NNs are structured in three stages - filtering and full rotation invariance; partial recognition; general classification. The designed multi-stage BPG Neural Structure shows very good accuracy and flexibility when tested with 2D objects used in the discontinuous production. The reached speed and the opportunuty for an easy restructuring and reprogramming of the system makes it suitable for application in different applied systems for real time work

DIVERSITY OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN RIVER WATER AND SEDIMENTS AFTER DAIRY WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

ABSTRAC

Eagle syndrome – from symptom to diagnosis. Case report

Introduction: Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. It’s named after Watt W. Eagle an otolaryngologist at Duke university, who described the first case in 1937. In the clinical presentation, we found different signs of syndrome – dysphagia, odynophagia, otalgia, foreign body sensation, facial pain, trismus, headache, increased salivation, and/or voice changes. The diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome is based on an optimal medical history and physical examination. The most accurate imaging technique is the CT- scan. 3-D CT reconstruction of the neck specify the size of length of the styloid process (>3 mm) and the ossified stylohyoid ligament. The treatment includes conservative and surgical approach.Material and methods: We present a 65- years old female, in a good health condition, with the following complains: difficulty swallowing, foreign body sensation in the throat. The patient states that she had palpated cartilage in the right side in the area of the tonsillar fossa. The physical examination revealed no abnormal findings, but palpable right styloid process. We performed CT and 3-D CT reconstruction, which showed an elongation of styloid process on right side. Results: The patient refused the surgical treatment. The conservativetherapy includes the nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory medications.Conclusion: Eagle’s syndrome is a rare condition with vast differential diagnosis, vague symptomatology and ambiguous incidence and etiology. When we suggest the syndrome, the CT scan is the imaging method of choice for diagnosis. It shows the measurement of styloid process, the position in the neurovascular complex and the prepositions of damages. The treatment can be surgical or non-surgical depend on the size, position and surgical risk of the approac

Analogous simulation of nutrient transformation processes in stream sediments

The main transformation processes effected by the natural microbial consortium of upper Iskar River with predominant participation of sediment biofilm were simulated in the laboratory by the use of portable devices (chambers). The dynamics of real heterotrophic respiration, organic matter oxidation, denitrification and ammonification were analysed by oxygen depletion, reduction of chemical oxygen demand, nitrate uptake and ammonium accumulation, under the conditions prevailing during high and low flow periods. The experimental results showed fast oxygen consumption and high process rates – indicators for intensive respiration by a heterotrophic microbial consortium and good functioning of the ecosystemcomponent studied. The nitrogen transformations occurred at slower rates but in mutual dynamic balance and their simultaneous realisation was due to precise, adaptive division in time and space